Strefa eksperta

Podsumowanie

Korzystny wpływ kawy zawierającej kofeinę na sprawność systemu poznawczego został potwierdzony przez Europejski Urząd ds. Bezpieczeństwa Żywności, który stwierdził, że istnieje zależność przyczynowo-skutkowa pomiędzy spożywaniem 75mg kofeiny – ilość znajdująca się w jednej standardowej wielkości filiżance kawy – i zwiększonym skupieniem uwagi (koncentracją) oraz czujnością, głównie w sytuacjach, gdzie pobudzenie było niskie.

  • Kofeina wpływa także na zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa i sprawności przy pracy lub prowadzeniu pojazdów w godzinach nocnych.
  • Stwierdzono także korzystny wpływ kofeiny na nastrój i czas reakcji.

Istnieje związek pomiędzy dziennym spożyciem kofeiny, zaburzeniami snu i uczuciem senności za dnia; jednakże działanie to jest zależne od ilości kofeiny spożytej w ciągu całego dnia oraz od podłoża genetycznego danej osoby. Osoby doświadczające zaburzeń snu w wyniku spożycia kawy zawierającej kofeinę mogą zdecydować się, lub jest im to doradzane, na spożywanie produktów bezkofeinowych w porze popołudniowej i wieczornej.

Co więcej, technologia mapowania mózgu sugeruje, że kofeina nie prowadzi do uzależnienia. Choć niektóre osoby mogą doświadczać objawów odstawienia, są to objawy krótkotrwałe i można ich uniknąć, jeśli ilość spożywanej kofeiny jest zmniejszania stopniowo.

  • W przeglądzie badań naukowych z 2012 roku analizowano rolę kofeiny jako wspomagacza sprawności i także stwierdzono, że korzystny wpływ kofeiny na zarówno proste, jak i skomplikowane zadania wymagające skupienia uwagi nie jest powiązany z syndromem odstawienia6.
  • W innym badaniu, w którym użyto ilościowo-perfuzyjnego obrazowania magnetycznego, stwierdzono, że przepływ krwi przez mózg został zwiększony w okresie abstynencji od kofeiny i zmniejszony po spożyciu kofeiny, zarówno u osób, które zaprzestały spożycia, jak i kontynuowały spożycie kofeiny przed badaniem. W tym badaniu pokazano także, że u osób spożywających duże ilości kofeiny (950 mg/dziennie), układ naczyniowo-mózgowy powiązany z adenozyną miał ograniczoną możliwość rekompensowania dużych ilości spożywanej dziennie kofeiny. Jednakże badanie to jest ograniczone z powodu kilku czynników, w tym arbitralnej klasyfikacji dziennego spożywania kofeiny i możliwości zgłaszania przez badanych mniejszej niż faktyczna liczby objawów odstawienia75.

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