Podsumowanie

Badania sugerują, że spożywanie kawy nie ma szkodliwego wpływu na czynności przewodu pokarmowego u osób zdrowych. Niektóre osoby cierpiące na te zaburzenia mogą samodzielnie decydować się na zrezygnowanie z pewnych rodzajów pokarmów i napojów, w tym kawy, aby załagodzić objawy choroby.

Jednocześnie badania wskazują, że spożywanie kawy może być związane ze zmniejszonym ryzykiem wystąpienia kamicy żółciowej i chorób wątroby, w tym nowotworu wątroby. Kawa także nie jest powiązana ze zwiększonym ryzkiem wystąpienia nowotworu trzustki, a także jelita grubego.

Bibliografia

1. Boekema P.J. et al. (2001) Functional bowel symptoms in a general Dutch population and associations with common stimulants. Neth J Med, 59(1):23-30.
2. Boekema P.J. et al. (2001) Functional bowel symptoms in a general Dutch population and associations with common stimulants. Neth J Med, 59(1):23-30.
3. Boekema P.J. et al. (1999) Effect of coffee on gastroesophageal reflux in patients with reflux disease and healthy controls. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 11:1271-1276.
4. Haug T.T. et al. (1995) What Are the Real Problems for Patients with Functional Dyspepsia? Scan J Gastroenterol, 30(2):97-100.
5. Nandurkar S. et al. (1998) Dyspepsia in the community is linked to smoking and aspirin use but not to Helicobacter pylori infection. Arch Intern Med, 158(13):1427-1433.
6. Moayyedi P. et al. (2000) The Proportion of Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the community Associated With Helicobacter pylori, Lifestyle Factors, and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs. Am J Gastroenterol, 95(6):1448-1455.
7. Bolin T.D. et al. (2000) Esophagogastroduodenal Diseases and Pathophysiology, Heartburn: Community perceptions. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 15:35-39.
8. Nilsson M. et al. (2004) Lifestyle related risk factors in the aetiology of gastroesophageal reflux. Gut, 53:1730-1735.
9. Zheng Z. et al. (2007) Lifestyle factors and Risks for Symptomatic Gastroeosophageal Reflux in Monozy- gotic Twins. Gastroenterol, 132:87-95.
10.Kaltenbach T. et al. (2006) Review: sparse evidence supports lifestyle modifications for reducing symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Arch Intern Med, 166:965-971.
11. Kim J. et al. (2013) Association between coffee intake and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis, Diseases of Esophagus, 27(4):311-317.
12. Dore M.P. et al. (2007) Diet, Lifestyle and Gender in Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease. Dig Dis Sci, 53(8):2027-2032.
13. Pandeya N. et al. (2011) Prevalence and determinants of frequent gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in the Australian community. Diseases of the Esophagus, 25(7):573-83.
14. Pehl C. et al. (1997) The effect of decaffeination of coffee on gastroesophageal reflux in patients with reflux disease. Alim Pharm Ther, 11:483-486.
15. Rosenstock S. et al. (2003) Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease: a population based prospective cohort study comprising 2,416 Danish adults. Gut, 52:186-193.
16. Shimamoto T. et al. (2013) No association of coffee consumption with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, and non-erosive reflux disease: a cross-sectional study of 8,013 healthy subjects in Japan. PLoS One, 8(6): e65996.
17. Aldoori W.H. et al. (1997) A Prospective Study of Alcohol, Smoking, Caffeine, and the Risk of Duodenal Ulcer in Men. Epidemiol, 4(8):420-424.
18. Loomis D. et al. (2016) Carcinogenicity of drinking coffee, mate, and very hot beverages. The Lancet Oncology, 17(7):877-878.
19. Botelho F. et al. (2006) Coffee and gastric cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Cad Saude Publica, 22:889–900.
20. Elta G.H. et al. (1990) Comparison of coffee intake and coffee-induced symptoms in patients with duodenal ulcer, nonulcer dyspepsia, and normal controls. Am J Gastroenterol, 85:1339-1342.
21. Brown S.R. et al. (1990) Effect of coffee on distal colon function. Gut, 31:450-453.
22. Rao S.S.C. et al. (1998) Is coffee a colonic stimulant. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10:113-118.
23. Sloots C.E.J. et al. (2005) Stimulation of defecation: Effects of coffee use and nicotine on rectal tone and visceral sensitivity. Scan J Gastroenterol, 40:808-813.
24. Simren M. et al. (2001) Food-Related Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Digestion, 63:108-115.
25. Yu X. et al. (2011) Coffee consumption and risk of cancers: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Cancer, 15:11-96.
26. Tavani A. et al. (2004) Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea and cancer of the colon and rectum: a review of epidemiological studies 1990-2003. Cancer Causes Control, 15:743-57.
27. Giovannucci E. (1998) Meta-analysis of coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer.Am J Epidemiol, 147:1043–52.
28. Galeone C. et al. (2010) Coffee consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of case–control studies. Cancer Causes Control, 21:1949-59.
29. Leitzmann M.F. et al. (1999) A prospective study of coffee consumption and risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men. JAMA, 281:2106-2112.
30. Leitzmann M.F. et al. (2002) Coffee intake is associated with lower risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in women. Gastroenterol, 123:1823-1830.
31. Larsson S.C. et al. (2007) Coffee consumption and liver cancer: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterol, 132:1740-1745.
32. Bravi F. et al. (2007) Coffee drinking and hepatocellular carcinoma risk: a meta-analysis. Hepatol, 46:430-435.
33. WCRF (2007) ‘Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective’ Available at:  http://www.dietandcancerreport.org/
34. Luo J. et al. (2007) Green tea and coffee intake and risk of pancreatic cancer in a large-scale, population-based cohort study in Japan (JPHC study). Eur J Cancer Prev, 16:542-8.
35. Dong J. et al. (2011) Coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta-analysis, World J Gastroenterol, 17(9):1204-10.
36. Turati F. et al. (2011) A meta-analysis of coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer. Annals Oncol, 23(2):311-8.
37. Turati F. et al. (2011) Coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea, and pancreatic cancer risk: a pooled-analysis of two Italian case-control studies. Eur J Cancer Prevention, 20(4):287–292.
38. US National Library of Medicine, ‘Gastro Intestinal Tract (GI Tract). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022855/
39. Boekema P.J. (1999) Coffee and gastrointestinal function: facts and fiction. A review. Scand J Gastroenterol, 230:35-9.
40. Saab S. et al. (2014) Impact of coffee on liver disease a systematic review. Liver Int, 34(4):495-504.